Is your dog at risk for getting kennel cough or canine influenza?

What is Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough is a term used to describe a common upper respiratory infection of dogs, traditionally caused by the bacteria Bordetella Bronchiseptica. However, the term is sometimes expanded to include a complex of different viruses and bacteria that cause similar symptoms and can be present along with the Bordetella. In other words, it’s kind of like a “doggie cold.” This disease is rarely serious, but it can progress to pneumonia in puppies or adult dogs with a weak immune system. Likewise, although the individual symptoms are often relatively mild, it is very contagious and can become a major problem in places where groups of dogs are in close contact, hence the name “kennel” cough. 

How will my veterinarian diagnose kennel cough?

The characteristic “honking cough” and history of recent (within the last 10 days) exposure to other dogs is often enough to make a tentative diagnosis. Other symptoms might include sneezing or reverse sneezing, nasal discharge, low fever, spitting up foam, enlarged lymph nodes, and a mild decrease in appetite or energy level.  In some cases, further testing such as a chest x-ray, blood panel, or nose/throat swabs may be recommended to differentiate it from other causes of cough such as tracheal collapse, heartworm or other heart disease, chronic bronchitis, fungal infections, Canine Influenza, etc.

How is Kennel Cough treated?

Most of these infections are self-limiting, meaning that they will go away on their own in about 2 weeks, even without specific treatment. However, if you suspect kennel cough, it is still a good idea to take your dog to the vet to have the diagnosis confirmed, and decide the best course of action. Depending on your pet’s individual health and history, your veterinarian may decide to use antibiotics, cough suppressants, or other medications to help make your pet more comfortable and resolve the infection faster.

What can I do to prevent this infection?

Despite the name “Kennel Cough,” this infection is not limited to dogs that were recently kenneled. Any exposure to other dogs or their respiratory secretions through shared toys, water dishes, etc. can result in infection. Luckily, there is a vaccine to help prevent or at least reduce the severity of the symptoms. This vaccine needs a booster every 6-12 months, depending on individual exposure level. The vaccine also takes 2 weeks to become fully effective, so it’s best to keep this in mind when scheduling vaccinations prior to travel or other means of exposure. Any dog that visits the groomer, dog park, doggie day care, puppy classes, pet stores, or has contact with other dogs through a fence should be vaccinated. If your dog has already been diagnosed with kennel cough, it is best to avoid all contact with other dogs for 2 weeks to prevent the spread of disease. Finally, try to minimize stress and address any other medical conditions that may contribute to a weak immune system, and potentially worsen symptoms.

How is Kennel Cough different from Canine Influenza?

Canine Influenza or “dog flu” is caused by an influenza virus, rather than bacteria. This is a much more serious infection of dogs with similar symptoms, although they are more severe, and may include lethargy, high fever, lack of appetite, and vomiting as well as coughing, sneezing and nasal discharge. Canine Influenza is also highly contagious, and requires more aggressive treatment than Kennel Cough. Unlike uncomplicated cases of Kennel Cough, this disease can even be fatal.

Can cats/other animals or people get Kennel Cough?

This infection typically does not pose a risk to human health. Upper respiratory infections in cats are very common, although usually caused by other organisms, such as Feline Herpes Virus. Cats, especially if immunocompromised, can show symptoms from exposure to Bordetella, but are not routinely vaccinated for kennel cough. Other pets may also be at risk, particularly Guinea Pigs. Rabbits can be infected and may become carriers. Please contact your veterinarian if you have any concerns about other pets in the household.